The controls
Sensor size
At the same framing, larger sensors give a shallower depth of field. Full frame and Super 35 are standard in film.
Aperture
The opening of the lens. A wide aperture (small number) means lots of light and shallow depth of field. In film often given in T-stops.
Shutter
The 180-degree rule: shutter speed equals double the frame rate, so 1/48 second at 24 fps. That makes motion look natural.
ISO / EI
Light sensitivity. Many cinema cameras have one or two native ISOs at which they produce the cleanest image.
ND filters
Neutral density filters cut light without changing the color. They let you keep the aperture open outdoors without overexposing.
Log and RAW
Flat image profiles that store maximum dynamic range. They look gray before grading and need a LUT or a grade.
Anamorphic
Lenses that squeeze the image horizontally, usually by a factor of 2. De-squeezed, you get a widescreen image with oval bokeh and characteristic flares.
Frame rate
23.976 or 24 fps for cinema, 29.97 fps for US broadcast, 25 fps for European TV, 50/60 fps and higher for slow motion.
Exposing like in film
In film, you first decide on the look: frame rate, shutter and aperture for depth of field. Exposure is then controlled with ND filters and lighting, not with shutter or aperture.